D2991 Medicaid reimbursement rate by state (2026)

• Order. States are listed from the highest published rate to the lowest. No single unit is shared by 8 or more states for D2991, so the order is by published amount and is not a like-for-like rank.
• Medicaid rate. The most the state's fee-for-service program pays for one unit, as published. 4 of the 6 states list more than one rate for D2991, by modifier, provider type or setting; the table shows the one that matches the provider level and setting used across states, without add-ons.
• Unit. None of the 6 schedules prints a separate unit for D2991, so each amount is a flat payment for one service as the code defines it.
• Per hour. D2991 is not billed in time units in these states, so no hourly figure is shown.
• Managed-care plans. The rule the state sets for its plans on this rate. What each rule means is explained below.
• % of Medicare. No Medicare physician fee schedule amount is on file for D2991, so there is no percentage.
• Source and date. Each Source link opens the state's own document; “since” is the date the rate took effect.

Published rates for D2991 run from $36.30 in New Jersey to $70.00 in Georgia, a 1.9x gap in the same unit. Half the states pay more than the median of $64.18 and half pay less. The usual reasons for a spread like this in dental rates:

• Some states publish separate child and adult fees for the same procedure, or pay specialists more than general dentists.
• Federal rules require dental coverage for children through EPSDT, while adult dental benefits are optional and range from emergency-only to comprehensive.
• Many states run dental through a dental benefit administrator, and fee updates are often infrequent compared with medical schedules.

Timing matters too. 5 states set the current rate for D2991 in 2026 or later. A state that has not updated its rate in years will drift down the ranking as others raise theirs.

What a plan pays for D2991 is negotiated privately, but the state decides how much room there is to negotiate. Here is how the rules break down across the 6 states.

In 3 states, plans negotiate and the published rate is a benchmark or out-of-network default. The rule for the remaining 3 states is not classified yet.

• Plans negotiate; the published rate applies out of network (3 states). In-network rates can be above or below the published rate. The published rate is the benchmark both sides know, and the fallback if no contract is signed.

Plan-negotiated rates are never estimated here. To see the rule and its citation for a particular state, open that state's managed-care page, for example Georgia managed care.

D2991 is a CDT dental code in the dental line, billed mostly by general dentists, pediatric dentists, oral surgeons and dental clinics. CDT codes are maintained by the American Dental Association. Each is paid once per procedure, with the tooth number and surfaces on the claim, and many states publish separate child and adult amounts.

Frequency limits, such as how often an exam or cleaning is covered, decide whether a service is paid at all, regardless of the fee. Dental codes (CDT, maintained by the American Dental Association) are paid once per procedure, with the tooth number and surfaces on the claim.

Before billing, confirm the rate, unit and any modifier with the state's current schedule or the plan: the amounts here are as published, not a guarantee of payment.