J1940 Medicaid reimbursement rate by state (2026)

• Order. States are listed from the highest published rate to the lowest. No single unit is shared by 8 or more states for J1940, so the order is by published amount and is not a like-for-like rank.
• Medicaid rate. The most the state's fee-for-service program pays for one unit, as published. 5 of the 8 states list more than one rate for J1940, by modifier, provider type or setting; the table shows the one that matches the provider level and setting used across states, without add-ons.
• Unit. None of the 8 schedules prints a separate unit for J1940, so each amount is a flat payment for one service as the code defines it.
• Per hour. J1940 is not billed in time units in these states, so no hourly figure is shown.
• Managed-care plans. The rule the state sets for its plans on this rate. What each rule means is explained below.
• % of Medicare. No Medicare physician fee schedule amount is on file for J1940, so there is no percentage.
• Source and date. Each Source link opens the state's own document; “since” is the date the rate took effect.

Published rates for J1940 run from $0.39 in New Mexico to $1.18 in Iowa, a 3.0x gap in the same unit. Half the states pay more than the median of $0.39 and half pay less. The usual reasons for a spread like this in pharmacy rates:

• For children, many vaccines are supplied through the federal Vaccines for Children program, so the Medicaid payment can be for administration only.
• States differ in whether they pay a fixed fee, a percentage of a benchmark or invoice cost.
• Drugs given in a practice or clinic are commonly priced from a benchmark such as average sales price or wholesale acquisition cost, which moves every quarter.

Timing matters too. None of the states changed its rate for J1940 in 2026. A state that has not updated its rate in years will drift down the ranking as others raise theirs.

What a plan pays for J1940 is negotiated privately, but the state decides how much room there is to negotiate. Here is how the rules break down across the 8 states.

In 2 states, the published rate binds plans: a floor, a pass-through or a state-set rate. In 5 states, plans negotiate and the published rate is a benchmark or out-of-network default. The rule for the remaining 1 state is not classified yet.

• Plans negotiate; the published rate applies out of network (5 states). In-network rates can be above or below the published rate. The published rate is the benchmark both sides know, and the fallback if no contract is signed.
• Plans must pay at least the published rate (2 states). The published rate is your floor. Negotiate up from it, and if a plan pays less, the contract provision is the basis for a payment dispute.

Plan-negotiated rates are never estimated here. To see the rule and its citation for a particular state, open that state's managed-care page, for example Iowa managed care.

J1940 is a HCPCS Level II drug code in the pharmacy line, billed mostly by practices and clinics that administer vaccines and drugs. J codes cover drugs that are not self-administered. One unit is the dose stated in the code, so a claim for a larger dose bills several units.

Many states require the National Drug Code (NDC) on the claim alongside the billing code. Drug codes are billed in units of the dose stated in the code, so a larger dose bills more units.

Before billing, confirm the rate, unit and any modifier with the state's current schedule or the plan: the amounts here are as published, not a guarantee of payment.