P2031 Medicaid reimbursement rate by state (2026)

• Order. States are listed from the highest published rate to the lowest. No single unit is shared by 8 or more states for P2031, so the order is by published amount and is not a like-for-like rank.
• Medicaid rate. The most the state's fee-for-service program pays for one unit, as published. Each state lists a single rate for P2031.
• Unit. None of the 8 schedules prints a separate unit for P2031, so each amount is a flat payment for one service as the code defines it.
• Per hour. P2031 is not billed in time units in these states, so no hourly figure is shown.
• Managed-care plans. The rule the state sets for its plans on this rate. What each rule means is explained below.
• % of Medicare. No Medicare physician fee schedule amount is on file for P2031, so there is no percentage.
• Source and date. Each Source link opens the state's own document; “since” is the date the rate took effect.

Published rates for P2031 run from $3.96 in Oregon to $4.95 in Minnesota, a 1.3x gap in the same unit. Half the states pay more than the median of $4.42 and half pay less. The usual reasons for a spread like this in lab & pathology rates:

• Some states bundle certain tests into panels or into facility payments, so the separately billable amount differs.
• Many states set clinical laboratory fees with reference to the Medicare Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, but at different percentages and from different update years.
• Pathology services with an interpretation have professional and technical components that states price separately.

Timing matters too. 3 states set the current rate for P2031 in 2026 or later, while 2 states still pay a rate that took effect in 2022 or earlier. A state that has not updated its rate in years will drift down the ranking as others raise theirs.

Most Medicaid members are in managed-care plans, and plans don't publish their provider fee schedules. For P2031, the public signal is the rule each state sets for its plans, recorded on each rate above.

In 7 states, plans negotiate and the published rate is a benchmark or out-of-network default. The rule for the remaining 1 state is not classified yet.

• Plans negotiate; the published rate applies out of network (7 states). In-network rates can be above or below the published rate. The published rate is the benchmark both sides know, and the fallback if no contract is signed.

Plan-negotiated rates are never estimated here. To see the rule and its citation for a particular state, open that state's managed-care page, for example Minnesota managed care.

P2031 is a HCPCS Level II pathology and laboratory code in the lab & pathology line, billed mostly by independent laboratories, hospital labs and pathology groups. P codes cover a small set of pathology and laboratory services, paid per test.

Pathology interpretation can be billed with modifier 26 when the laboratory and the pathologist bill separately. Laboratory tests are billed per test, and a panel is paid as a single code rather than as the sum of its component tests.

Before billing, confirm the rate, unit and any modifier with the state's current schedule or the plan: the amounts here are as published, not a guarantee of payment.