98977 Medicaid reimbursement rate by state (2026)

• Order. States are listed from the highest published rate to the lowest. No single unit is shared by 8 or more states for 98977, so the order is by published amount and is not a like-for-like rank.
• Medicaid rate. The most the state's fee-for-service program pays for one unit, as published. 10 of the 23 states list more than one rate for 98977, by modifier, provider type or setting; the table shows the one that matches the provider level and setting used across states, without add-ons.
• Unit. Of the 23 states, 1 publish 98977 per unit and 1 per visit, and 21 schedules print no unit at all (a flat amount per service).
• Per hour. 98977 is not billed in time units in these states, so no hourly figure is shown.
• Managed-care plans. The rule the state sets for its plans on this rate. What each rule means is explained below.
• % of Medicare. Shown only where the Medicaid rate uses the code's own billing unit and a Medicare amount exists: 1 state for 98977, at 50%.
• Source and date. Each Source link opens the state's own document; “since” is the date the rate took effect.

Published rates for 98977 run from $12.24 in Kansas to $72.30 in Montana, a 5.9x gap in the same unit. Half the states pay more than the median of $39.57 and half pay less. The usual reasons for a spread like this in physician & professional rates:

• Each state sets its own physician conversion factor or fee for every code, and many update them on a state budget cycle rather than on Medicare's calendar.
• Modifiers such as professional or technical component, bilateral, multiple procedure and assistant at surgery change the amount paid, and states apply them with their own percentages.
• Some states pay physician services as a percentage of the Medicare fee schedule; others keep a schedule of their own that may not have been rebased for years.

Timing matters too. 15 states set the current rate for 98977 in 2026 or later, while 5 states still pay a rate that took effect in 2022 or earlier. A state that has not updated its rate in years will drift down the ranking as others raise theirs.

What a plan pays for 98977 is negotiated privately, but the state decides how much room there is to negotiate. Here is how the rules break down across the 23 states.

In 6 states, the published rate binds plans: a floor, a pass-through or a state-set rate. In 12 states, plans negotiate and the published rate is a benchmark or out-of-network default. The rule for the remaining 5 states is not classified yet.

• Plans negotiate; the published rate applies out of network (12 states). In-network rates can be above or below the published rate. The published rate is the benchmark both sides know, and the fallback if no contract is signed.
• Plans must pay at least the published rate (6 states). The published rate is your floor. Negotiate up from it, and if a plan pays less, the contract provision is the basis for a payment dispute.

Plan-negotiated rates are never estimated here. To see the rule and its citation for a particular state, open that state's managed-care page, for example Montana managed care.

98977 is a CPT medicine code in the physician & professional line, billed mostly by physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other licensed practitioners. The medicine section runs from vaccines and psychiatry to dialysis, cardiology and therapy. Some of its codes are timed in 15-minute units, others are billed once per session or per test, so the unit matters more here than in most sections.

Practitioners who are not physicians are often paid a reduced percentage of the published amount, so check the schedule for the reduction that applies to your provider type. Physician-fee-schedule codes are billed per service: one unit is one occurrence unless the code itself is defined by time or quantity.

Medicare's 2026 physician fee schedule pays $44.25–$61.31 for 98977 (non-facility), depending on the Medicare locality. That is a useful reference point, but Medicare and Medicaid can define the unit differently, so compare only where the units match.

Before billing, confirm the rate, unit and any modifier with the state's current schedule or the plan: the amounts here are as published, not a guarantee of payment.